Managed to break a main stem, tried my best to get her back on in rapid fashion, but it was a 95% clean break, so I can't expect 🙃 much. Oh well, that's what I get for cracking bad jokes. Genetics is the study of heredity, the passing of traits from parents to offspring, while photomorphogenesis is the developmental process in plants where light influences growth and development. Genetics focuses on the fundamental principles of heredity and gene expression, while photomorphogenesis specifically investigates how light signals affect plant morphology, including growth, elongation, and overall development. Photomorphogenesis, the light-mediated developmental process in plants, involves complex gene expression regulation. This regulation occurs at multiple levels, from the initial perception of light signals by photoreceptors to the activation of specific gene networks and post-transcriptional modifications. Recommend this literature. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pce.12934 Photomorphogenic responses to ultraviolet-B light Gareth I. Jenkins First published: 09 February 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12934 Citations: 173 A further response involving UVR8 and auxin signaling is leaf epinasty, which is the downward curling of leaf edges away from incident light. A recurrent theme in recent research is that UVR8 often functions through interaction with other signaling pathways. In particular, several studies highlight an interaction between UVR8 and the hormonal pathways that regulate extension growth. One example is the role of UVR8 in suppressing the shade avoidance response. Many plant species respond to the presence of neighbouring vegetation by stimulating extension growth as a result of increased auxin biosynthesis. Leaves absorb red light but reflect far-red light, and therefore shading by vegetation leads to a relative decrease in the ratio of ambient red:far-red light, which is detected by phytochrome, causing a decrease in Pfr relative to Pr (Casal 2013; Fraser et al. 2016). In turn, the decrease in Pfr/Pr leads to an increase in stability and activity of several PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) transcription factors, notably PIFs 4, 5 and 7, which stimulate expression of auxin biosynthesis genes, leading to extension growth (Hornitschek et al. 2012; Li et al. 2012). Hayes et al. (2014) showed that UV-B antagonizes shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis elicited by low red:far-red light, and the UV-B effect was strongly impaired in uvr8 mutant plants. UV-B, detected by UVR8, inhibited the increase in expression of auxin biosynthesis and signaling genes promoted by reduced red:far-red light. Furthermore, UVR8 signaling stimulated GA2OXIDASE1 expression, which causes reduced levels of gibberellic acid and consequent stabilization of DELLA proteins, which antagonize PIF activity (De Lucas et al. 2008; Feng et al. 2008). Whereas the effect of UV-B on GA2OXIDASE1 expression required HY5/HYH, that on the auxin related genes did not. The experiments further showed that UV-B elicited destruction of PIFs 4 and 5 and the stabilization of DELLA proteins, although it remains to be established directly whether the effects on these proteins are mediated by UVR8. Thus, UV-B, detected by UVR8, signals to plants that they are in sunlight and negates shade-induced extension growth by antagonizing PIF action and auxin biosynthesis. UV-B also inhibits the morphogenic responses caused by exposure to elevated temperature, which include hypocotyl extension in seedlings and petiole extension and leaf elevation in mature plants; again, the effect of UV-B is substantially mediated by UVR8 (Hayes et al. 2016). However, in contrast to the action of UV-B in suppressing shade avoidance, UV-B inhibition of thermomorphogenesis does not involve either PIF destruction or an effect on DELLA proteins. PIF4 is a key regulator of thermomorphogenesis, promoting expression of genes concerned with auxin biosynthesis and signaling. UV-B inhibits PIF4 transcript accumulation, consequently preventing an increase in PIF4 protein, and also stabilizes the LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 transcription factor, which binds to PIF4, impairing its ability to bind to DNA. Together, these mechanisms block the accumulation and activity of PIF4 at elevated temperature (Hayes et al. 2016). The inhibition of thermomorphogenesis by UV-B is likely to be advantageous for plants, as it will prevent detrimental extension growth under natural conditions where elevated temperature is often accompanied by exposure to relatively high levels of UV-B. Another auxin-regulated growth response is phototropism. It is well established that phototropism in response to unilateral UV-A/blue light is mediated by phototropins, which direct accumulation of auxin on the non-illuminated side of the stem, causing localized extension and hence bending towards the light source (Christie & Murphy 2013). Vandenbussche et al. (2014) reported that UV-B can also induce phototropic bending and that the UV-B response in phot1phot2 mutant plants requires UVR8. However, UV-B-induced bending is slower in phot1phot2 than in wild type, indicating that phototropin action is involved in the wild-type UV-B response, and that the phototropin-mediated response is faster than that mediated by UVR8 (Vandenbussche & Van Der Straeten 2014; Vandenbussche et al. 2014). Moreover, the response mediated by phototropin is initiated at lower fluence rates than that mediated by UVR8 (Vanhaelewyn et al. 2016b). The UV-B-induced phototropic response involves the establishment of an auxin gradient across the hypocotyl, as in the UV-A/blue light response, but formation of the gradient in UV-B does not require phototropins and involves some different auxin signaling components to phototropism mediated by UV-A/blue light (Vandenbussche et al. 2014). UVR8 mediates repression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and signaling, which likely contributes to the generation of the auxin gradient across the hypocotyl. Vandenbussche & Van Der Straeten (2014) showed that the accumulation of HY5 on the UV-B exposed side of the hypocotyl (demonstrated using a HY5-YFP fusion) correlated with UVR8 response kinetics and is likely to mediate the repression of auxin biosynthesis genes on the illuminated side. A further response involving UVR8 and auxin signaling is leaf epinasty, which is the downward curling of leaf edges away from incident light. Epinasty is stimulated by UV-B exposure (Wilson & Greenberg 1993; Jansen 2002) and also by the action of phyB, whereas phototropins promote leaf flattening (Kozuka et al. 2013). Fierro et al. (2015) showed that the epinastic response to UV-B in Arabidopsis is mediated by UVR8, most likely through the regulation of auxin transport. Moreover, they found considerable overlap in the sets of genes regulated by UVR8 and phyB, notably in the repression of genes involved in auxin action. The phyB action in epinasty involves the regulation of specific PIFs (Johansson & Hughes 2014), and there is evidence that PIFs are required for the UV-B-induced response (Fierro et al. 2015). A possible scenario is that UV-B de-stabilizes PIFs, as in the inhibition of shade avoidance, causing the repression of auxin response genes and consequently initiating the changes in auxin transport associated with the epinastic response. Fasano et al. (2014) highlighted the potential interactions between UVR8 and abiotic stress signaling pathways and proposed that the cross-talk may involve auxin signaling. They reported that high salt and osmotic stress stimulate UVR8 expression and that a uvr8 mutant has increased salt tolerance under UV-B conditions. In addition, the reduced extension growth of plants over-expressing UVR8, previously observed by Favory et al. (2009), was enhanced under osmotic stress. Fasano et al. (2014) found that the UVR8 over-expression phenotype is due to reduced cell expansion and suggested that the phenotype could be explained by altered auxin signaling. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and high temperature will often be accompanied by relatively high fluence rates of UV-B in nature, and the interplay between UVR8 signaling and auxin signaling could be modulated under such conditions to regulate growth and promote survival. The stimulation of stomatal closure by UV-B involves interaction of UVR8 with different signaling pathways to those that regulate growth responses. In species such as Vicia faba (Jansen & Noort 2000) and Arabidopsis (Eisinger et al. 2003; He et al. 2013; Tossi et al. 2014), low fluence rates of UV-B stimulate stomatal opening whereas higher fluence rates promote closure. He et al. (2013) showed that the closure response in Arabidopsis is mediated by an increase in H2O2, generated through NADPH oxidase activity. UV-B-induced cytosolic alkalinization is involved in mediating the increase in H2O2 production (Zhu et al. 2014). In turn H2O2 stimulates NO production (He et al. 2013). Inhibition of endogenous NO accumulation prevents closure even under conditions where H2O2 remains high (Tossi et al. 2014). Tossi et al. (2014) found that UV-B-induced stomatal closure is impaired in uvr8, with a concomitant reduction in H2O2 and NO accumulation in the guard cells. Nevertheless, the mutant stomata were viable, and they closed when either a NO donor or abscisic acid was added. It is likely that UVR8 acts to promote H2O2 and hence NO accumulation, but it is not clear how it does so. The UVR8 action likely involves gene expression, because a mutant lacking the HY5/HYH transcription factors is impaired in the closure response (Tossi et al. 2014), but the relevant target genes are not known. The ability of UVR8 to influence auxin and gibberellic acid signaling, as well as redox signaling, is likely to affect a larger number of physiological processes than reported to date. Furthermore, it is likely that interactions between UVR8 and additional signaling pathways will be discovered. UVR8 photoreception leads to sequestration of COP1 and stimulation of HY5 accumulation, and both these proteins participate in a range of cellular processes (Lau & Deng 2012; Huang et al. 2014a; Gangappa & Botto 2016). For instance, COP1 is involved in controlling abundance of the flowering time regulator CONSTANS (Jang et al. 2008; Liu et al. 2008; Sarid-Krebs et al. 2015), and hence UVR8 activation might influence flowering time, as suggested in some studies (Morales et al. 2013; Fasano et al. 2014). HY5 binds to over 9000 genomic loci in Arabidopsis (Zhang et al. 2011) and regulates genes in numerous processes (Gangappa & Botto 2016). Thus, regulation of HY5 provides a potential mechanism for UVR8 to influence several aspects of plant physiology. Figure 3 illustrates some of the known and potential interactions involving UVR8.

I gave Isopropyl alcohol 70% equal parts water, 1 tsp cayenne, and kept enough for multiday application, what little population of aphids is left I shall catch them the next morning, opening the tent 10 min before lights on the clovers have yet to open, all the aphids hiding on undersides are easily visible, still none ever went near cannabis plant. Clovers are far tastier it seems. The alcohol kills on contact, the idea was to saturate the leaves with a light foliar application, and once I was done I ran it through the canopy with my hands making sure as much of the clover surface came in contact with the iso, once done turned on the fans and evaporate it quickly. Beautiful thing about Isopropyl is that it evaporates rapidly at room temperature way below boiling point leaving behind zero residual so nothing seeps its way into rootzones unless you spill it there. It is a magical solvent that leaves no trace that it was ever there. Resonant Frequency: A resonant frequency is the natural vibrating frequency of an object and is denoted as ‘f’ with a subscript zero (f0). When an object is in equilibrium with acting forces and can keep vibrating for a long time under perfect conditions, this phenomenon is resonance. In our daily life example of a resonant frequency is a pendulum. If we pull back the pendulum and leave, it will swing out and return at its resonant frequency. Objects combine to form a system, this system can have more than one resonance frequency. The resonant frequency is termed as the resonance frequency. The phenomena of resonant frequency used in the series circuit when the inductive reactance (XL) is equal to the capacitive reactance (XC). If the value of supply frequency is changed, we can observe that the value inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC) is also changed. Inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC) are inversely proportional to each other. When we increase the frequency, the value of XL increases, whereas the value of XC decreases. When we decrease the frequency, the value of XL decreases whereas the value of XC increases. At series resonance, when XL = XC. The mathematical equation of resonant frequency is: XL = 2πfL; XC = 1/2πfC XL = XC 2π f0L = 1/ 2πf0C ; f0=1/2π sqrt{LC} Where f0 is the resonant frequency, L is the inductance, C is the capacitance How to Calculate the Resonant Frequency of an Object? An object exposed to its resonant frequency can vibrate in symphony with the sound. The wavefronts pushing on the object will arrive at just the right time to push the object with greater and greater amplitude in each cycle. To get a clear idea of this concept one of the best examples is pushing a friend on a swing. If you push the swing randomly, the swing will not move very well but if you push the swing at a specific time, the swing will get higher and higher. Another example to find the resonant frequencies is to place the object next to a speaker and place a microphone attached to an oscilloscope next to the object. Then play the sound in the speaker at a given volume, and then without changing the volume slowly change the frequency. Now observe the oscilloscope, you will observe that at certain frequencies the amplitude of the wave, is proportional to the volume of the sound that the microphone is able to pick up. The frequency that is caught by the microphone will be greater than at surrounding frequencies. These are the resonant frequencies and are detectable as the sound energy absorbed by the object is re-emitted more efficiently at these frequencies. The precise moment that constructive interference happens the amplitude of the wave will spike at the precise frequency emitted. Q: Compute the resonant frequency of a circuit whose inductance is 25mH and capacitance is 5mu F? A: Known values are, L = 25mH = 25 x 10-3 H C = 5mu F = 5 x 10-6 F Formula for resonant frequency is, f0= 1/2π sqrt{LC}1/2π√L f0=1/2 ͯ 3.14√ (25 ͯ 10-3 ͯ 5 ͯ 10-6) = 450.384Hz Why Neodymium? Ferromagnetism is an exciting phenomenon observed in certain materials, known as ferromagnetic materials, that can retain their magnetization even after removing an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic materials can become ferromagnets and interact strongly with other magnets and magnetic fields. A characteristic of ferromagnetic materials is their magnetization ability, distinguishing them from paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials, where weak magnetism exists temporarily. This unique property allows for making permanent magnets widely used in various applications such as motors, generators, speakers, and data storage devices. The ability to generate and maintain a magnetic field without the need for a constant external source of power makes ferromagnets highly valuable. An alloy of neodymium, iron, and boron discovered in the 1980s is ferromagnetic, yielding permanent magnets over 1000 times stronger than anything ever seen before. The name neodymium comes from the Greek neos didumous, which means "new twin." Neodymium magnets are made of an alloy of neodymium, boron, and iron. This allows them to simultaneously store impressive amounts of magnetic energy while being highly resistant to demagnetization. Because iron oxidizes quickly, neodymium magnets are coated to prevent rust from accumulating. The attraction between two neodymium magnets is so strong that if placed close enough together, they can collide and shatter. Neodymium magnets have an unusually high-temperature resistance, and they can even withstand heat exceeding 200 degrees Celsius. N50UH 1-1/2"OD x 1.065"ID x 3/8"

Video is not that great, getting cramped in there and alittle hot at 29 as the high for a few hours a day

Just on day 22 now the video taken this morning had few issues very strong through week one, then week 2 I believe nitrogen toxicity as iv done lots and lots of research.... started watering twice in between each feed.. showing pistils now.. plants were tied down day 14.. I am happy with progress overall any tips welcome Pic of individual plant seems to be behind and leaf curling going to give water today and hopefully that will sort it out Day 23 - decided to do some defoliation as the growth since yesterday is very noticeable and starting to see signs of budlets at apex.. going to feed them tomorrow 8th strength grow, 8th strength bloom then by day 30 ish just quarter strength bloom is the plan then continue to up dose until half strength bloom at which point I’ll also add some boost.. any pointers appreciated 👌

Second week in stretch training a bit more with the net.

So these girls are shorter than expected allthough the 2 girls are of decent height enough for me too flip along side my aptus fed girls. I have defoliate all areas that covers light getting too the lowers and also removed excess branching too focus energy towards the main tops also did this via a little lst 🌱 One of each plus an extra 412 so hopefully they stick through and make it too harvest which they look too be healthy so far. I will next defoliate on week 3 of flower and also remove excess plant matter taking up neccasary energy 🌱 Shogun is serving them well so fa! Lights will be 12/12 tonight Week 1 flower commences then Stay blessed 💚

06/20/2018 Did some supercropping on #1, Fimmed #4 she showing pre-flowers. ( #1,#2,#3) Not showing pre-flowers. #4 Fimmed because she gets stretchy 2-3 times veg height in my own experience. 06/21/2018 Longest day of the year today,applied potash last week, topdressed with Espoma tomato Tone tomato 🍅 3-4-6 with biotone

Now we are in week 8. Plants stopped growing. I will let them grow two more weeks and then I will at least harvest two of them. Depending on the trichomes I will keep the other two for 4-5 weeks more, because I will be away ... traveling lets hope that the sun is coming out again and that the buds get bigger and bigger in the last two weeks. BTW I stopped giving any type of nutrients, just water.

Wk 5 was Steady Away, Explosive growth starting, Transplanted one from aero to coco and added Began the Scrog As you may have noticed, I Expanded the garden to give the coco girls some more room. The Dawg in the aero wasn't taking well at all, she hadn't really had a good innings from the beginning. I transplanted her into the coco and Fed her very week nutes..

[ Information ] For all grow information, including strain and room details, please see the first week of veg. [ Updates ] (Flower) Day 1 - Light intensity increased to 65%. C02 increased to 1300ppm average. Day temp/humidity 85/70 (1-1.2VPD), night temp/humidity 75/65 (.8-1VPD). Fed a diluted compost tea mixture before lights on. Base water was R/O and tap water mixed lightly with silica and Tribus microbes. Tea was a mixture of Fish Hydrolysate, Bat Guano, Molasses, Fulvic/Humic, Kelp, and Earthworm Castings. 8 gallons of tea were added to 72 gallons of water mixture for an 80gal batch total. The batch was mixed for a half hour before feeding to the room. I did not PH or PPM test the mixture, organic material is hard to get an accurate PPM reading so the numbers are useless to me. I will be working to bring the lights to 100% power over this first week of flower. Day 4 - Light intensity increased daily, currently at 90%. Will raise to full power tomorrow. C02 increased to 1800ppm average. Temp and humidity for day and night are still the same. Lights were raised slightly to maintain 12 inches from canopy height, and a few growth nodes that were above the canopy got topped. Watered today with an 80gal (1.25gal p/pot) mixture, 10% tap 90% r/o water. 6.8 PH, 2.2ec. Foliar sprayed yesterday before lights off with a neem mixture for weekly IPM. Canopies are stretching relatively evenly, though I will be adding in support nets within a few days to help maintain the even spread. I've run this strain before so I'm fairly confident that I know what to expect during these few stretch weeks. Day 7 - Lights have been at 100% since day 5. C02 still 1800-2000ppm on average. Plants are stretching quickly into the lights, I have yet to readjust their height. The best growth usually happens when I do nothing, and I've done almost nothing the past couple days besides enjoy the unusually warm spring weather my area is currently experiencing. Watered today, 100gal (1.5gal p/pot) mixture, <1ec. Mainly an organic feeding for microbe health, also wanted a bit more runoff than normal due to the high ec feeding previously.

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Last week

Switching to full flower nutrients, she loved the transplant, starting with half the recommended doses, growing some hairs so its te perfect moment to apply some Big One 1ml/l + TopBloom 2ml/l twice a week, to boost hairs growing and to create more bud spots. She really is turning in to a little bush i really like the structure ^^

Day 58-21/06/22 one of the smaller ones looms ready gonna have a good look before lights out see if I can take her!!! Day 60-23/06/22 cut one down three was ready today! She’s only small but beautiful!!! . Day 62-25/06/22 all looking wonderfull not long now for some more to come down

Our beauty is now 6 weeks old and has officially entered the flowering stage! She has gained noticeable height and bushiness, showing off her healthy growth and vibrant energy. We've installed a net and gently guided her underneath to maximize the potential of each branch and ensure even light distribution. The light schedule remains 12/12. Daytime temperature is a steady 28°C, nighttime drops to 21°C, and humidity stays at 65%. We continue feeding her with Xpert Nutrients, providing all the essential elements she needs during flowering. CO2 supplementation also continues, supporting her vigorous development. A huge thank you to Xpert Nutrients for their top-quality fertilizers — it’s thanks to them our girl is entering the flowering phase with such strength and confidence!

Tops have grown above other foliage I may have experienced a slight burn with nutes but nothing too noticable Im going to flush today since she is officially flowering want a clean start, then resume feeding about two to three days from now.

Good week this week last day of week 8 and looking really well buds starting to swell and ripen

Divine Opium ******Sponsored Grow****** I will be growing Opium in my outside garden over the summer. Current I'm growing my 4 outside seedlings in the tent until they are big enough to go outside on their own.

Flush day