you don't have to set water out for 2 days.. that's a myth.
It doesn't sound like your water is too hard, so you don't need filtering, but if you want to do that, it's also fine. Up to you if you think it is worth the expense and buying new filters in perpetuity etc...
there's the ppm that is contributed from your fertilizer and what is coming with the water -- doesn't mean it is all plant available out of your tap. Also, the total shouldn't be high enough to cause any problems, regardless. My "city water" is 300ppm. If i had "well-water" it'd be 500+ (this area has very hard water) and that's a range you start thinking about filtration.
Those hose adapter ones "boogie" brand / in-line rv filters etc can filter out 25-33% or was do they filter down to 25-33% of tap ppm? Those last 10,000 gallons, if i recall. Cheaper but not as effective, obviously.