Caterpillars (butterfly & moth larvae)
Signs: holes in leaves, sometimes eaten buds.
Solution: Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), hand-picking, neem oil as prevention.
Grasshoppers / Beetles
Signs: large bite marks and irregular holes.
Solution: insect netting, neem oil, insecticidal soap.
Slugs & Snails
Signs: big holes, slime trails on leaves.
Solution: iron-based slug pellets, copper rings/barriers, hand-picking at night.
Aphids
Signs: clusters of small insects on stems/underside of leaves, sticky honeydew.
Solution: neem oil, insecticidal soap.
Natural predator: ladybugs (they love eating aphids).
Spider Mites
Signs: tiny yellow/white dots on leaves, fine webs under leaves.
Solution: neem oil, insecticidal soap.
Natural predator: predatory mites (Phytoseiulus, Amblyseius, etc.).
Leaf Miners
Signs: white trails/tunnels inside leaves.
Solution: remove affected leaves, neem oil as prevention.
I hope this little overview could help you a bit😊