The plant nutrient nitrogen exists in forms with both positive and negative charges. Ammonium (NH4+)(immobile in soil)(Cation) has a positive charge, while nitrate (NO3-) (highly mobile in soil)(Anion)has a negative charge. Nitrogen is unique among plant nutrients in that it can exist in both positively charged (ammonium, NH₄⁺) and negatively charged (nitrate, NO₃⁻) forms in the soil. This makes it a special nutrient. In that it is responsible for providing balance for reactionary trade offs when it comes to ph. Because ph itself in the medium will always slowly drift towards acidicity, such is nature. 80% of nitrogen should be nitrate and no more than 20% ammoniacal nitrogen.
Ca, mg, and K are the big 3 cations related to soil composition, pH & base saturation.
When nitrogen is in the form of ammonium, it can compete with calcium, magnesium, and potassium for absorption sites in the plant root. This competition can lead to a reduction in the uptake of these other essential nutrients. Nitrogen, particularly in its nitrate form (NO3-), can increase soil acidity, which can also affect the availability of calcium, magnesium, and potassium. The form of nitrogen applied (ammonium vs. nitrate) can influence its interactions with other nutrients. Ammonium nitrogen can have a more pronounced negative effect on the uptake of calcium, magnesium, and potassium compared to nitrate nitrogen.
Common forms of ammonium nitrogen include ammonium ion (NH4+), urea, and ammonium compounds like ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate.
Common forms of nitrate nitrogen include potassium nitrate (KNO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).
Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, and its availability in the soil is strongly linked to the presence of oxygen. Plants primarily absorb phosphorus as phosphate (PO4), and oxygen is a key component of this molecule. Furthermore, the availability of phosphorus in the soil can be impacted by factors like soil aeration and temperature, which in turn affect the oxygen supply to the roots.
Phosphorus uptake in plants is most critical during the early stages of growth, particularly within the first few weeks of plant development.
Young plants actively growing tissues have a high demand for phosphorus. They may absorb up to 75% of their total phosphorus requirements within the first few weeks of growth. With upto 51% of uptake happening overnight primarily in first few hours or early nightfall.
Never beneficial to water a medium at night. If your looming to optimize the process, root respiration can't happen at any other time, so no matter how much you want to water, any reduction to oxygen levels will negatively effect growth.
Unless the medium was bone dry then you absolutely could and should. This is not up for debate. Saturation of rootzones does not assist in root respiration. No matter howuch you want it to.
If oxygen is depleted in the soil and reaches the roots, root respiration transitions from aerobic to anaerobic, significantly reducing energy production and potentially harming the plant. Anaerobic respiration yields less ATP compared to aerobic respiration.